Pharmacology and the Nursing Process by Linda Lane Lilley: Practice Exam 2026 - Free Pharmacology Practice Questions and Study Guide

Diuretics (water pills) are commonly used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). They work by increasing the amount of fluid and salt expelled from the body through increased urine production. This results in a decrease in blood volume, leading to a decrease in preload, or the amount of blood returning to the heart. This ultimately reduces the amount of work the heart has to do to pump blood effectively, which helps to lower blood pressure. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because diuretics do not impact serum potassium levels, cardiac output, or blood calcium levels in the treatment of hypertension.