Pharmacology and the Nursing Process by Linda Lane Lilley: Practice Exam

What common adverse effects do xanthine derivatives have?

1. Weight gain, dry mouth, and insomnia

2. Nausea, vomiting, and anorexia

3. Hypertension, blurred vision, and dizziness

4. Muscle weakness, ataxia, and tremors

The correct answer is: Nausea, vomiting, and anorexia

Xanthine derivatives are drugs used to treat respiratory disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These drugs work by relaxing the muscles in the lungs and airways, making it easier to breathe. As with any medication, xanthine derivatives can have adverse effects, which are unwanted or undesirable side effects of the drug. Option A is incorrect because weight gain, dry mouth, and insomnia are not common adverse effects of xanthine derivatives. Weight gain is most commonly seen with corticosteroids, while dry mouth and insomnia are more commonly associated with antihistamines. Option C is also incorrect because hypertension, blurred vision, and dizziness are not common adverse effects of xanthine derivatives. These symptoms may be seen in patients who are sensitive or allergic to the drug, but they are not common. Option D is incorrect because muscle weakness, ataxia, and tremors