Pharmacology and the Nursing Process by Linda Lane Lilley: Practice Exam

What is the cautionary advice regarding anticholinergics for patients with certain conditions?

1. Patients with heart failure

2. Patients with acute narrow-angle glaucoma and prostate enlargement

3. Patients under 12 years of age

4. Patients with high cholesterol

The correct answer is: Patients with acute narrow-angle glaucoma and prostate enlargement

Anticholinergics are medications that block the activity of a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine. This can cause various side effects, such as dry mouth, constipation, and blurred vision. Therefore, the cautionary advice is to avoid these medications if a patient has certain conditions. Out of the given options, only option B is correct because patients with acute narrow-angle glaucoma and prostate enlargement can experience increased pressure in the eyes and urinary retention, respectively, with anticholinergics. Patients with heart failure may also experience worsening symptoms with anticholinergics, but this is not a specific contraindication. Option C, patients under 12 years of age, is incorrect as this group may actually be prescribed anticholinergics for certain medical conditions such as bedwetting. Option D, patients with high cholesterol, is also incorrect as this is not a