Pharmacology and the Nursing Process by Linda Lane Lilley: Practice Exam

What is the key difference in the mechanism of action between ACE inhibitors and ARBs?

1. ACE inhibitors block the conversion of AI to AII, ARBs do not

2. ARBs increase serum potassium levels, ACE inhibitors do not

3. ACE inhibitors treat heart failure, ARBs do not

4. ARBs promote hyperkalemia, ACE inhibitors do not

The correct answer is: ACE inhibitors block the conversion of AI to AII, ARBs do not

ACE inhibitors and ARBs both work in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) to help lower blood pressure. However, the key difference in their mechanism of action is that ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, whereas ARBs do not have an effect on this conversion. Angiotensin II is a hormone that causes vasoconstriction and retention of sodium and water, ultimately leading to an increase in blood pressure. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because they are either false (B and D) or do not provide a key difference in the mechanism of action (C). While it is true that ARBs may increase serum potassium levels, this is not a key difference as ACE inhibitors can also cause an increase in potassium levels. Additionally, both ACE inhibitors and ARBs can be used to treat